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India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.311 billion people (2015), more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2022, surpassing China, its population reaching 1.6 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.2%, ranking 94th in the world in 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population growth (annual %) )〕 The Indian population had reached the billion mark by 1998. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4. India has more than two thousand ethnic groups,〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=US Department of State )〕 and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates (the Nihali language〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ethnologue report for Language Isolate )〕 spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir). The modern Indian republic is home to 97% of Jains, 90% of Sikhs, 87% of Hindus, 50% of Zoroastrians, 40% of Baha'i, 20% of Shia Muslims, 10% of Sunni Muslims, 5% of Ahmadiyya Muslims, 2% of Buddhists and 1% of Christians worldwide. Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.〔(India, a Country Study ) ''United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups''〕 ==History== Ancient India in 300 BC may have had a population in the range 100–140 million. It has been estimated that the population was about 100 million in 1600 and remained nearly static until the late 19th century. It reached 255 million according to the first census taken in 1881.〔Anatole Romaniuk, (review ) of Parameswara Krishnan's ''Glimpses of Indian Historical Demography'', in ''Canadian Studies in Population'' 40.3–4 (2014): 248–251.〕〔Parameswara Krishnan, ''Glimpses of Indian Historical Demography'' (Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation 2010) ISBN 978-8176466387.〕 Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, growth rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai (Bombay), and Kolkata (Calcutta).〔J.H. Khan, "Population growth and demographic change in India", ''Asian Profile'' (2004) 32#5 pp. 441–460.〕 Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunization. Other factors included rising incomes, better living conditions, improved nutrition, a safer and cleaner environment, and better official health policies and medical care.〔Ira Klein, "Population growth and mortality in British India: Part II: (The demographic revolution )," ''Indian Economic Social History Review'' (1990) 27#1 pp 33-63 doi: 10.1177/001946469002700102.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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